Summary
Various questions have been raised as to the best way to motivate employees. However, answers given only raised a cause for movement and not motivation (Herzberg, 1987). Considering how relevant employees have become in this Globalisation era which has heralded perfect competition, it therefore imperative that the major cause of motivation is identified and applied (Bourantas, 1999). Owing to this quagmire, (Herzberg, 1987) therefore postulated a two-factor theory which he called motivator and hygiene factor.
However, the objective of this dissertation was based on measuring motivator and hygiene factors in Boots plc, Victoria. This research therefore explored various literatures on work motivation. The motivator factors measured were Achievement, Recognition, Work Itself, Responsibility, Advancement and Growth while the Hygiene factors measured were Company policies and administration, Supervision, Relationship with supervisor, Working conditions, Salary, Relationship with peers, Personal life, Status and Job security. 50 samples were chosen consisting of the employees at Boots Victoria and questionnaires were given to them. To counter check the result, an interview was done with 2 managers. This dissertation employed a deductive approach and a positivist stance was taken with a perfect consideration of all ethical issues to avoid harm to participant.
After thorough examination of the motivator-hygiene factors, it was deduced that motivator and hygiene factors were not adequately in use in Boots plc which has given rise to de-motivation of employees. However, recommendations have been given to improve on the factors that caused de-motivation.
Table of content
Acknowledgement…………………………………………………………………………ii
Author’s Declaration……………………………………………………………………….iii
Summary……………………………………………………………………………………iv
Tables of content…………………………………………………………………………..v
List of Tables…………………………………………………………………………….....viii
List of Figures………………………………………………………………………………ix
List of Appendix……………………………………………………………………………xi
Introduction………………………………………………………………………………. 1
1.1Motivation……………………………………………………………………………. 1
1.2Boots ………………………………………………………………………………… 5
1.3Research Question…………………………………………………………………. 5
1.4Aims………………………………………………………………………………….. 5
1.5Objectives.…………………………………………………………………………… 5
1.6Dissertation outline.………………………………………………………………… 5
Literature Review……………………………………………………………………….. 7
2.1 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………..7
2.2 Content theories…………………………………………………………………….7
2.3 Process theories…………………………………………………………………….17
2.4 Motivation in Boots UK……………………………………………………………..24
Methodology……………………………………………………………………………..26
3.1 Research Design……………………………………………………………………26
3.1.1 Research Philosophies…………………………………………………………..26
3.1.2 Research Approach………………………………………………………………28
3.1.3 Research Strategies……………………………………………………………...28
3.1.4 Research Choices………………………………………………………………...29
3.1.5 Time Horizons……………………………………………………………………..30
3.2 Methods of Data collection…………………………………………………………30
3.2.1 Primary Data………………………………………………………………………30
3.2.2 Secondary Data…………………………………………………………………..31
3.3 Ethical Issues……………………………………………………………………….31
3.4 Population and Sample……………………………………………………………32
3.5 Questionnaire Design……………………………………………………………..32
3.5.1 Indices of Questionnaire design……………………………………………….33
3.6 Questionnaire Administration…………………………………………………….34
3.7 Reliability and Validity…………………………………………………………….34
Findings…………………………………………………………………………………36
4.1 Data collection and analysis……………………………………………………..36
4.2.1 Demographic Profile of Employees…………………………………………...36
4.2.1 Gender…………………………………………………………………………...36
4.2.2 Age………………………………………………………………………………..37
4.2.3 Duration of employment………………………………………………………..37
4.2.4 Level of Education……………………………………………………………...38
4.3.1 Motivator Factors……………………………………………………………….38
4.3.2 Achievement…………………………………………………………………….38
4.3.3 Recognition……………………………………………………………………...40
4.3.4 Work Itself………………………………………………………………………..41
4.3.5 Responsibility……………………………………………………………………42
4.3.6 Advancement……………………………………………………………………43
4.3.7 Growth…………………………………………………………………………...44
4.4 Hygiene Factors…………………………………………………………………..45
4.4.1 Company policies and administration………………………………………..45
4.4.2 Supervision……………………………………………………………………..46
4.4.3 Relationship with Supervisor…………………………………………………47
4.4.4 Working conditions…………………………………………………………….48
4.4.5 Salary…………………………………………………………………………...49
4.4.6 Relationship with Peers……………………………………………………….50
4.4.7 Personal Life…………………………………………………………………...51
4.4.8 Status…………………………………………………………………………...51
4.4.9 Job Security……………………………………………………………………52
Discussion…………………………………………………………………………….54
5.1 Interpretation of Tables and Charts…………………………………………...54
5.1.1 Demographic Questions……………………………………………………..54
5.1.2 Motivators……………………………………………………………………..55
5.1.3 Hygiene Factors……………………………………………………………...57
5.2 Interpretation of Interview…………………………………………………….58
5.3 Discussion……………………………………………………………………...60
6.1 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………..64
6.2 Recommendation……………………………………………………………..66
6.3 Future Research………………………………………………………………68
Bibliography………………………………………………………………………..69
List of Tables
Table 1……………………………………………………………………………………53
Table 2……………………………………………………………………………………54
List of Figures
Figure 2.0 Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs diagram…………………………………….9
Figure 2.1 Alderfer’s Diagram…………………………………………………………..10
Figure 2.2 Herzberg’s Diagram…………………………………………………………16
Figure 2.3 Hackman & Oldham’s Diagram…………………………………………….17
Figure 2.4 Vroom’s Diagram…………………………………………………………….18
Figure 2.5 Porter & Lawler’s Diagram………………………………………………….19
Figure 2.6 Adam’s equity Diagram……………………………………………………..20
Figure 2.7 Locke’s Diagram……………………………………………………………..22
Figure 2.8 Bandura’s Diagram………………………………………………………….24
Figure 3.1 Research Onion Diagram…………………………………………………..26
Chart 4.1 Gender of respondents………………………………………………………36
Chart 4.2 Age of respondents…………………………………………………………..37
Chart 4.3 Respondents Employment Duration………………………………………..37
Chart 4.4 Level of Education of respondents………………………………………….38
Achievement Charts
Chart 4.5…………………………………………………………………………………..39
Chart 4.6…................................................................................................................39
Recognition Charts
Chart 4.7…………………………………………………………………………………..40
Chart 4.8…………………………………………………………………………………..40
Work Itself Charts
Chart 4.9…………………………………………………………………………………..41
Chart 4.10…………………………………………………………………………………41
Responsibility Charts
Chart 4.11…………………………………………………………………………………42
Chart 4.12…………………………………………………………………………………42
Advancement Charts
Chart 4.13…………………………………………………………………………………43
Chart 4.14………………………………………………………………………………..43
Growth Chart
Chart 4.15…............................................................................................................44
Chart 4.16………………………………………………………………………………..44
Company policies and administration Charts
Chart 4.17………………………………………………………………………………..45
Chart 4.18………………………………………………………………………………..46
Supervision Charts
Chart 4.19………………………………………………………………………………..46
Chart 4.20………………………………………………………………………………..47
Relationship with Supervisor Chart
Chart 4.21………………………………………………………………………………..47
Chart 4.22………………………………………………………………………………..48
Working Conditions Charts
Chart 4.23………………………………………………………………………………..48
Chart 4.24………………………………………………………………………………..49
Salary Chart
Chart 4.25………………………………………………………………………………..49
Relationship with Peers Chart
Chart 4.26…............................................................................................................50
Chart 4.27………………………………………………………………………………..50
Personal life change…………………………………………………………………….51
Status Chart
Chart 4.29………………………………………………………………………………..51
Job security Chart
Chart 4.30……………………………………………………………………………….52
List of Appendix
Appendix 1: Questionnaire…………………………………………………………………
